Review TOEFL iBT Prep Plus 2020-2021 (Kaplan)

Review TOEFL iBT Prep Plus 2020-2021 (Kaplan) Another year and another bad edition of TOEFL Prep Plus by Kaplan.There are four problems with this book every year. They are:It isnt updated very much.It needlessly complicates the test.The practice questions and sample are terribly inaccurate.The online resources are not as promisedIll deal with these one at a time.First of all, though this is the 2020-20201 edition of the book, it is pretty much the same as the 2008-2009 edition from11 years ago.The online content seems even older, and looks to be the same stuff that was on the CD-ROM of the 2007-2008 edition. The publisher has deleted the stuff that was dropped from the test this year, but everything else (the strategies and the samples) is almost entirely the same. The contents badly need to be replaced with new material, especially the samples which dont reflect what students get on the actual test. The samples were bad even when the book was first published, but now that a decade has passed, the errors are much less forgivable .Secondly, the book is way too complicated. The book includes69 strategies for mastering the reading section. I counted another 69 numbered strategies for the writing section (not to mention the fact that number 16 is broken down into 16A through 16E). Thats just too much crap. This aspect of the book needs be culled.Thirdly, and most importantly, the questions in the book are inaccurate. As always, thats the aspect I want to focus on most of all in this review. Lets get started.ReadingThe book starts out okay with a few decent samples of articles used in the reading section (pages 19, 25), but then pairs these with inaccurate sample questions. Instead of matching a question with a specific paragraph, students are required to read through the whole article looking for the paragraph that matches the given question. This becomes a major problem on page 32 when a NOT/EXCEPT style question refers to details that are actually spread out over three paragraphs. That means the student is ac tually required to use all three paragraphs to answer the question, rather than using just a single paragraph as on the real test. This is replicated on page 54 where students have to look through four long paragraphs to properly answer an inference question that would be specific to only a single paragraph on the real test.It should also be mentionedthat beyond the problems with question designs, most of the sample articles are somewhat weak overall. On pages 35, 51, 66 and 94 students are given articles that are generally longer than the real test, and with fewer paragraphs. This means that the paragraphs are really long, some stretching out to about 300 words. This bothers me as students really need to become familiar with hunting for answers in short but dense paragraphs.ListeningThis is probably the strongest section of the book. The conversations and lectures are about the same length as what is used on the real test. The delivery of the voice actors is somewhat monotone and l acks the natural quality of the actors on the real test, but thats a minor complaint. The questions themselves are not as accurate as the ones in the Official iBT Tests Collection, but they are pretty close. I might actually recommend this chapter to someone who needs a bit of extra practice and has already worked through everything in better books.SpeakingMostly bad here. The sample independent speaking questions on page 168 are all terrible. Instead of using proper agree/disagree or preference choices it just lists 15 yes/no questions. Kaplan should know by now that Do government workers need privacy? is not how a TOEFL speaking question is phrased.The book does have a decent type 2 speaking question on page 174 about parking on campus (a very common topic!) but quickly jumps into a terrible question on page 180 where the reading is ajob posting rather than an announcement of some change on campus.It then includes a completely wrong type 3 question which illustrates a concept usin g three examples, rather than 1 or 2 like on the real test (page 182/183).The chapter finishes with a massive type 4 question, which includes a lecture probably twice as long as what would be used on the real test.WritingThe integrated writing here is all bad as well. The authors of the book just dont understand how the reading and lecture are structured on the real test. On test day, students get a four paragraph reading that has an introduction followed by three body paragraphs, each of which includes a unique and specific point. That is followed by a lecture which begins with an introduction and challenges each of those three points in turn (and in the same order). I call this a mirror structure. If you look at the samples on pages 233 and 255 they are nothing like this. The sample on page 253 almost figures this out, but the listening fails to rebut the readings pointsin the right order.The section on independent writing is equally weak. It includes a bunch of opened-ended quest ions (268, 287, 288) that arent used on the real test. Itfails to include any multiple choice questions, which are used very often these days.The Online ResourcesThe above problems are also present in the online tests. In the reading section students again have to hunt around the whole article to answer many of the questions, instead of being told to focus on a single paragraph as on the real TOEFL. The articles again include freakishly long paragraphs that dont match the real test. Not only is this inaccurate, but it really messes up any chance students have of learning proper time management in this section.The listening content is okay, while the speaking and writing content is marred by the same sort of problems I identified above. The questions all have a superficial resemblance to the real test, but never quite achieve an acceptable level of accuracy. Notably, speaking Q3 in the first test asked me to explain the major differences between what was in the reading and the lectur e. Theres just no excuse for that.Just as frustrating is the clunkiness of the online test software. Users are unable to quickly skip ahead to desired sections. If you wish to study only writing? Too bad, you are going to have to sit through the reading, listening and speaking sections. This represents a step back from when Kaplan offered the same tests on CD.Speaking of taking a step back, it must be mentioned that the practice tests dont record student answers, so they cannot listen to what they said for review purposes. This functionality was provided 11 years ago when the same tests were provided on CD.I noticed also that Kaplan failed to record new instructions for the shortened speaking section, so the questions are now misnumbered. The same is true in the lectures provided online. Thats just laziness. In addition, the timers in the practice test are all wrong, and dont reset between questions in the speaking and writing sections. So, for example, if you only use 10 minutes to answer the first writing question youll have 40 minutes to answer the second writing question. This needs to be fixed.Finally, the cover of the book promises 4 Practice Tests (and an insert clarifies that they are all provided online) but there are only three tests provided. Last years edition had the same problem. I find that kind of sleazy.OverallDont get this book. I wouldnt recommend it to anyone. Kaplan needs to get serious about updating their material. They havent done a proper update since 2008. There are so many good resources they can use to study the design of the TOEFL that were not available when this material was first created. They need to take advantage of them.

Origins of Hip-Hop Culture - Free Essay Example

Hip hop music is a music genre developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans in the 1970s. The music consisted of a stylized rhythmic music that was accompanied by rapping. Other elements of the genre included sampling beats or bass lines and rhythmic beat boxing. Hip hop as both a musical genre and a culture was formed during the 1970s when block parties became increasingly popular in New York City, particularly among African-Americans residing in the borough of the Bronx. Hip hops early evolution as a genre occurred as drum machines and sampling technology became widely available and affordable. The rapping with the beats developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The term hip hop music is sometimes used synonymously with the term rap music, rapping is not a required component of hip hop music though. The genre could just incorporate other elements of hip hop culture, such as DJing (turntablism, scratching) beat boxing, and instrumental trucks. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles. Prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to music scenes in dozens of countries, many of which mixed hip hop with local styles to create new sub genres. One sub genre that took off was Gangsta Rap. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that reflects the violent lifestyles of inner-city American black youths.Gangsta is a variation of the word gangster. The genre was pioneered in the mid-1980s by rappers such as Ice-T, and was popularized in the later part of the 1980s by groups like N.W.A. After the national attention and controversy that Ice-T and N.W.A created in the late 1980s and early 1990s, gangsta rap became the most commercially lucrative subgenre of hip hop. N.W.A is the group most frequently associated with the founding of gangsta rap. Their lyrics were more violent, openly confrontational, and shocki ng than those of established rap acts, featuring incessant profanity and, controversially, use of the word nigga. These lyrics were placed over rough, rock guitar-driven beats, contributing to the musics hard-edged feel. The first blockbuster gangsta rap album was N.W.As Straight Outta Compton released in 1988. Straight Outta Compton sparked the first major controversy regarding hip hop lyrics when their song Fuck Tha Police earned a letter from FBI Assistant Director, Milt Ahlerich, strongly expressing law enforcements resentment of the song. Controversy surrounded Ice-Ts album Body Count, in particular over its song Cop Killer. The song was intended to speak from the viewpoint of a criminal getting revenge on racist, discriminatory cops. Ice-Ts song infuriated government officials, the National Rifle Association and various police advocacy groups. Consequently, the record company Time Warner Music refused to release Ice-Ts upcoming album Home Invasion because of the controversy surrounding Cop Killer. Hip hop music artists have stated that hip hop has been an authentic, meaning true and real, African-American artistic and cultural form since its emergence in inner-city Bronx neighborhoods in the 1970s. Some music critics have denied hip hops authenticity. Advocates who claim hip hop is an authentic music genre state that it is an ongoing response to the violence and discrimination experienced by black people in the United States, from the slavery that existed into the 19th century, to the lynching of the 20th century and the ongoing racial discrimination faced by blacks. I believe that hip hop music and hip hop culture are separate. Hip hop music was developed by inner city black Americans. It referenced their daily struggles with violence as men and especially as black men living in the inner cities. Hip hop culture is a result of corporations profiting from the black experience and what it means to be black in America. Last years 2017 Grammy nominations included some of musics most influential hip hop artists like Kendrick Lamar and Jay-z whose music has topped mainstream charts on numerous occasions. Kendrick Lamars hit song i love myself is an example of how hip hop music can be self empowering too, Dreams of realities peace, blow steam in the face of the beast, sky could fall down, wind could cry now, look at me motherfucker I smile. This line in the song illustrates that no matter how bad your real life situation is, one must remember to always try and keep a mental smile on no matter what your situation. Culture is profitable when it is created to be. Hip hop culture is materialistic because when profit is introduced to the mix artist only become popular and mainstream gettin airplay when they express their material and sexual desires while work they do to help the community is ignored or overshadowed by what is present in popular media. For example; Nelly was invited to speak at a fundraiser for cancer at Spelman College , being that his sister actually had leukemia, but after the airing of his video for Tip Drill many women threatened to protest the event forcing him to cancel his appearance after stating they felt uncomfortable having someone that could so blatantly disrespect women, especially black women, speak at their event. Nelly, being very popular and reputable with his music career, had a voice to make an impact by telling his story and what he experienced with his sister was overshadowed by a negative music video he believed he did for entertainment purposes only. This g oes to show that consumers do not separate entertainment from artist personal lives. In the article Hip-Hop Women Shredding the Veil: Race and Class in Popular Feminist Identity by Marcyliena Morgan, she examines the moves made by women in hip hop and what role they play. Female MCs use hip hop to develop and display their lyrical skills as well as present and challenge what it means to be a young black woman in America and the world. They do not use their musical and verbal genre to destroy the veil of race, gender, and class discrimination. (Morgan). The hip hop experience for black woman is a tool that is unique and powerful in helping them have a voice that they were at one point in time not allowed to have. I believe that hip hop music transcends race and can be used as a tool in schools to teach students to be critical and express themselves, when separated from profit. Artist like Kendrick Lamar, JCole, Nas, Lupe Fiasco and others have a following based on their creativity and lyricism. Nas imagine that paints a picture of a world where black people arent discriminated against and could live freely from the war on drugs and war for masculinity. The violence that is depicted in hip hop music is a result of their history and context. When used for its poetic flows and critiques of current events hip hop actually improves literacy as well as critical and analytical thinking among students. While Byron Hurt believes that hip hops content is unacceptable its popularity and sales show hip hop and this hip hop generation is here to stay (Morrell Duncan-Andrade 2016) .

The Management Of Islamic State Under The Caliphate Rules...

The ISIL strategy is worldwide operations with network of different objectives. The ISIL end state in â€Å"golden ring† is the establishment of Islamic State under the Caliphate rules and dogma. The key objectives are to be able to control and defense the territory, with possibility to influence, recruit and indoctrinate the young Muslim foreign fighters from the â€Å"golden ring†. In same time to marginalized the â€Å"silver ring† and challenge the security and stability in the region around Syria, Iraq and North Africa. Finally, to spread the fear and terror worldwide in the bronze ring, with primary focus in Europe, US and South Asia. The effort and Interlink between the objectives are key in their strategy with purpose to destabilize the world order and challenges the democratic values as political system with religion Caliphate dogma. A. First Strategy Options will remain the key objectives that primary focus in the â€Å"golden ring†. The strategy Ends are to; (1) destroy the ISIL, (2) stable democratic Iraqi Government, (3) peace agreement over Syrian civil war, (4) operate under large NATO coalition, and (5) built professional Iraqi Security Forces to deal with internal threats. Ways; Increase the airstrikes bombing with prices targeting on ISIL human and logistical capacity and capability. Establishing the Combine Task Forces (be prepared) no more than Battalion size (Civilian Led, Intel, military expertise and NGO for humanitarian Support) with purpose to support the countries inShow MoreRelated The Evolving Nexus between Islam and Iran Essay5554 Words   |  23 Pagesbetween Islam and Iran The nexus between Islam and Iran is a complex one. Islam was brought to Iran via Arab-Islamic conquest in 650 AD and has played a shifting, anomalous role in this nation-state ever since. The ideas of nationalism, secularism, religion, and revolution are unique in this Muslim country. Iranians, unlike many of their neighbors, hold on very strongly to their pre-Islamic roots and achievements; sentiments of nationalism are apparent throughout Iranian history and in the everyday

Critical Examination of Brooks The Formalist Critics

Brooks starts his essay by listing â€Å"articles of faith I could subscribe to† (Brooks 19) and pointing out statements about literary criticism that might go with a formalist criticism. Yet, he questions that list its end, and seems to complain that his that his writings have been largely misunderstood. What his statements have to do with faith in connection with literature is up to the reader, since in one of his articles he specifically mentions, â€Å"literature is not a surrogate for religion† (Brooks 19). He seems to contradict himself on purpose and keep his central thesis hard to reach. In evaluating some of his â€Å"faith articles†, the reader can have a critical examination of his critique of his formalist criticism. His first statement is†¦show more content†¦Criticism that focuses on the biography and psychology of the writer ends up focusing on the process of creating the literature, and not on the work’s structure. Brooks therefore refutes the authors self-confessed intense feelings literary value,† If we heard that Mr. Guest testified that he put his heart and soul into his poem, we would not be very much impressed† (Brooks 21). He mentions that if Hemingway states the same thing, people might be more impressed, but a statement to this sort is not proving any literary value, not even for a famous author. Another, related item he refutes is the feeling of the literary critic, in case he is moved by the work he is reading, this indicates, as well that the work possesses not necessarily a great literary value. Despite contesting several claims, however, Brooks thinks that not all criticism should â€Å"be self-effacing and analytic†, but that the critic, who is probably involved in many activities, needs â€Å"to have a clear idea of what his specific job as a critic is† (Brooks 22). He seems to contradict himself in this statement, as well. Earlier he states that the critic should avoid bringing his own feelings into criticizing the work he is currently working with, yet he states that the same critic should not be only self-effacing and analytic. It seems to be difficult to go the path of not getting involved and yet to retain the qualities toShow MoreRelatedThe Formalist Critics, by Cleanth Brooks1513 Words   |  7 PagesCleanth Brooks writes in his essay â€Å"The Formalist Critics† from 1951 about criticism that formalist critics encounter and tries to show these arguments from his point of view and even indicates common ground with other literary critics. Clea nth Brooks argues that we lose the intrinsically obvious points of works of literature if we view the work through the different lenses of literary theory, however we are always viewing the literary work through a subjective lens, since the author and the criticRead MoreHerbert Spencer Essay13142 Words   |  53 Pagesscience, biology, and philosophy. Herbert Spencer was born in Derby on April 27, 1820. His childhood, described in An Autobiography (1904), reflected the attitudes of a family which was known on both sides to include religious nonconformists, social critics, and rebels. His father, a teacher, had been a Wesleyan, but he separated himself from organized religion as he did from political and social authority. Spencers father and an uncle saw that he received a highly individualized education that emphasized

Personal Statement on Public Health Master´s Degree

My plan is to get Public Health Master’s degree at The George Washington University, Washington, DC. I feel that my life’s experiences have created, grown and transformed my feelings, attitudes and believe toward others. I come from a modest Hispanic family, specifically from Dominican Republic a sub develop Caribbean island, which is located to the south of The United State of America. I am the third child of five children. When I was a child my parents got divorced. Then I was adopted at the age of five by a couple that have three teenager children. A few years later my foster parents got divorced and their children got married. I grew up with my adopted father, until I got married. During the years I lived with my foster father I had basic needs covered toys to play and relatives that loved me. At the same time, I had the opportunity to visit and share with my biological family; it gave the chance to observe economic, social, and educational differences between b oth families. When was twenty five years old, I came to the United States, as immigrant I confronted poverty, cultural differences, and language barrier. In addition I gave birth to my second child, â€Å"Diego†, who developed a brain tumor at the age of four. He had a surgery and is still treated for surgery’s consequences. Now he is seventeen, is in twelve grades, has a lot friend and enjoys life on the maximum. Thus, I have realized that life’s events have stimulated and molded my professional and personalShow MoreRelatedColorado School Of Public Health1193 Words   |  5 PagesOmer Selim Personal Statement Colorado School of Public Health Degree Objective: MPH Public Health is an interesting topic. Many people may not understand the purpose of Public health, it is a fairly new field although it has been around since the 1800’s. Before being introduced to the the field, I was clueless and never knew such a subject existed. 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History of Social Relations in India - 6115 Words

Caste and gender equations in Indian history No aspect of Indian history has excited more controversy than India s history of social relations. Western indologists and Western-influenced Indian intellectuals have seized upon caste divisions, untouchability, religious obscurantism, and practices of dowry and sati as distinctive evidence of India s perennial backwardness. For many Indologists, these social ills have literally come to define India - and have become almost the exclusive focus of their writings on India. During the colonial period, it served the interests of the British (and their European cohorts) to exaggerate the democratic character of their own societies while diminishing any socially redeeming features of society†¦show more content†¦For instance, we find no evidence of caste-like discrimination in societies where land was collectively owned and jointly cultivated, or where goods and services were exchanged within the village on the basis of barter, and there was no premium assigned to any particular type of work. All services and all forms of human labor were valued equally. Such village communes may have once existed throughout India and some appear to have survived until quite recently - especially in the hills, (such as in parts of Himachal and the North East, including Assam and Tripura), but also in Orissa and parts of Central India. In such societies, we also see little evidence of gender discrimination. 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And no law however ideal can become acceptable if it alienates people and ignores social realities. A law has to be socially rooted in order to be acceptable. In India, there are different set

Try to Persuade Socrates Friends to Save Him Free Essays

Try to persuade the Socrates`s friends to save him, against his will. Socrates Is one of the most colorful figures of the ancient Greek world, who the strangeness of privacy life have always been of special philosophical and political science. He was convict to death because he does not believe in God and corrupted the youth people to do the same. We will write a custom essay sample on Try to Persuade Socrates Friends to Save Him or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Plato`s dialogue Crito, Socrates spent his last time in the prison. Crito is coming to save Socrates and have plans how to make his escape. Socrates discussing with Crito should he escape from prison or not and gives arguments why he needs to stay and waiting for his death. Crito really wants to save his close friend but Socrates explain his wisdom thoughts: † I am the kind of man who listens to nothing within me but the argument that on reflection seems best to me. I cannot, now that this fate has come upon me, discard the arguments I used; they seem to me much the same. I value and respect the same principles as before, and If we have no better arguments to bring up at this moment, be sure that I shall not agree with you â€Å" (Crito, 46 b,c) – and take a decision – he does not want to be save. Furthermore, Crito shows some of his arguments why Socrates should escape. First, If he dies he will leaves his 3 children and family. Second, If Socrates dies, Crito will lose close friend. Third, If Crito will not save him, this will be a big shame for his reputation . On the one hand, among his friends, because it will seems that Crito did not his best to save him. On the other hand among the people in Athens just because they expect it to happen and the opinion of majority still matter. Therefore, If Crito will not save Socrates, the people will think that he does not want to do it and does not want to spend money for him. In this arguments, Crito wants to make Socrates to change his opinion and to go out of prison, because, all of his friends are ready to do everything for him:† We would be justified in running this risk to save you, and worse, if necessary. † (Crito, 45e). Also, if he is dead he will never see his grow up children and how they are doing well in life. Moreover, staying in the prison is the easiest thing, more hard to reach is the courage which one man like Socrates needs to find in himself. In response to Crito ,Socrates says his arguments why he should stay. First , he believed that the opinion of majority is not the important thing and Crito does not need to worry about it. Second, Socrates was a man who trust in reason and Law, so for him it is impossible to break the rules and to go out form prison, this will be unjustly among the Athenian state. He believed that he must stay in prison because for him â€Å"†¦ the good life, the beautiful life, and the just life are the same† (Crito,48b). He believed that the life, has no value if his life is without moral. Third , Socrates cannot leave the prison because he believed that his loyalty of Athens would be ) infringement if he escape. In addition, with his escape , he thought that he would harm his own soul, because breaking the rules and harming the city it is the same like harming the soul. He was made an argument to follow the Law and can not break it. Following this further the most important thing is to live moral and just life. However, Socrates friends should save him, except that they will lose a good friend and he will leave alone 3 young children , but also because Socrates is contradictory in his opinions. Generally, he said that the opinion of majority it is not so important thing, but now he still thinking how a educated and wise person who value the rules and wisdom it will stand with the expert in right and wrong: â€Å" We should not think so much of what the majority will say about us , but what he will say who understand justice and injustice, the one , that is , and the truth itself. (Crito,48a) On the one hand , he said that he believed in Athens Law and he will do it wrong and dishonesty if made his escape. In fact, he is sentenced in death because of corrupting the youth but actually he is innocent. So, where is the Law now? The Athens Law failed when sentenced a innocent men to death , because this is against the principles of laws and rules. Additionally, nowhere it is written that Socrat es has a contract with his state to follow the rules, and If he wants he can escape. So If he breaks the law, it will not be a big risk for the state, because it is already incorrect. On the other hand , he said that an injustice should not be rewarded with another injustice, because it leads to more evil. He mentioned that it is unjustly to escape from prison because this will be breaking the law, but the real meaning is Athens and wrongful death sentence against him, just because he is innocent man and it is more unjustly to death for something which actually you have never did it. Can we say that Socrates believed in something insane and impossible? Definitelly yes Because of this he will never understand the chance to escape and â€Å"So one must never do wrong â€Å" (Crito,49b)All in all, instead of his friends help, he did not leave the prison and just drink his cup with poison. In conclusion, Crito dialogue maybe teach us that everybody have point of view over the life. Maybe Socrates wants to value the Law and for him this is right and death is a free will. He believed that the Law have given him the possibility to have the great life and without law he will never be this person who is now. Nevertheless, Socrates still wrong for his fiends. He needs to be save and to live with his family, to protect them, to deny his unjust death, but every time some of them- his friends or Socrates will be wrong. But there is not more right way of a person who stand up for his truth. †¢ Bibliography: Crito in Plato Five Dialogues: Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Meno, Phaedo, trans. G. M. A Grbe (Hackett Publishing 2002) †¢ Crito in Plato Five Dialogues: Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Meno, Phaedo, trans. G. M. A Grbe (Hackett Publishing 2002), p. 48 Crito in Plato Five Dialogues: Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Meno, Phaedo, trans. G. M. A Grbe (Hackett Publishing 2002), p. 48 †¢ Crito in Plato Five Dialogues: Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Meno, Phaedo, trans. G. M. A Grbe (Hackett Publishing 2002), p. 51 †¢ Crito in Plato Five Dialogues: Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Meno, Phaedo, trans. G. M. A Grbe (Hackett Publishing 2002), p. 50 †¢ Crito in Plato Five Dialogues: Euthyphro, A pology, Crito, Meno, Phaedo, trans. G. M. A Grbe (Hackett Publishing 2002), p. 52 [pic] ———————– 4 How to cite Try to Persuade Socrates Friends to Save Him, Essay examples